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MED4U

Oral Health Care

405 จำนวนผู้เข้าชม |

31/01/2024


Oral Health Care

Oral Health Care

Generally, the health of teeth, gums, and the oral cavity largely depends on personal oral hygiene practices. Poor oral hygiene can lead to various issues, including toothache, dental caries, chewing problems, bad breath, misaligned teeth, and tooth sensitivity. The primary goal of oral health care is to remove harmful plaque and tartar from teeth and gums, as plaque accumulation can cause cavities and gum diseases.

Tooth decay (Dental Caries) occurs when teeth deteriorate, resulting in cavities beginning in the enamel. If left untreated, this can lead to toothache, gum inflammation, and eventually tooth loss.

Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and gum abscesses (gum boils), are leading causes of tooth loss in adults, especially in those with poor oral hygiene, smokers, diabetics, or patients with AIDS. Gingivitis arises from tartar pressure, causing gum bleeding. If untreated, the infection spreads to the bone supporting teeth, forming pus, leading to bone decay and eventual tooth loss—a condition known as periodontitis or pyorrhea.

Bad breath (Halitosis) is another common issue. Although often caused by inadequate oral hygiene, it may indicate severe underlying conditions like gum disease or gastrointestinal disorders. Anaerobic bacteria residing on the tongue, especially when food residues are present, produce sulfur compounds responsible for bad breath.

Patient Advice

  • Brush teeth thoroughly twice daily for at least 2 minutes, ensuring bristles reach the gums and teeth surfaces.
  • Use fluoride-containing toothpaste.
  • Hold the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to the gum line to clean teeth and gums effectively.
  • Regularly clean the tongue to reduce bacterial accumulation, improve oral hygiene, and prevent bad breath.
  • Use soft-bristled toothbrushes and avoid vigorous brushing to prevent enamel erosion and gum recession. Replace the toothbrush every three months or sooner if bristles are frayed.
  • Daily flossing prevents plaque formation and food debris retention, reducing the risk of toothaches. Use about 46 centimeters of floss wrapped around middle fingers, gently curving around each tooth and moving up and down without forcefully pressing onto gums.
  • Rinse your mouth with water after meals. Using mouthwash can reduce oral bacteria—gargle briefly with mouthwash daily.
  • Increase water intake to prevent dry mouth.
  • Avoid extremely hot or cold food and beverages to prevent tooth sensitivity.
  • Chew sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva production, which helps protect against tooth decay.
  • Quit smoking, as it worsens oral health issues.

For denture wearers:

  • Do not wear dentures overnight; remove and clean them regularly using denture cleansers and brushes.
  • Regularly massage gums with your index finger to stimulate blood flow and seek treatment for any oral sores or irritation caused by dentures.

For orthodontic patients:

  • Use specialized orthodontic toothbrushes.
  • Thoroughly rinse after every meal to remove food particles.
  • Regularly massage gums to prevent inflammation.

When to See a Doctor

  • Persistent bad breath despite proper oral hygiene care.

Treatment Options

1. Oral Health Care Products

  • Fluoride-containing products (e.g., sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste or mouthwash) prevent tooth decay by strengthening tooth enamel against acid attacks.
  • Mouthwash formulations containing cetylpyridinium, chlorhexidine, allantoin, hyaluronic acid, and collagen may be used for oral care.
  • Cetylpyridinium and chlorhexidine have antimicrobial properties effective against oral bacteria.
  • Allantoin and hyaluronic acid reduce gum discomfort and promote healing before and after dental procedures, such as tooth extraction, oral surgery, and implants.

2. Medications for Oral Ulcers and Inflammation

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