Gastric Ulcer Disease

Gastric ulcer (also known as stomach ulcer) is a common health issue today, especially among people who live fast-paced lives neglecting their health. This condition can cause discomfort and stomach pain, and if left untreated, may lead to complications.

This article introduces what gastric ulcers are, what causes them, risky behaviors to avoid, and methods for treatment and relief to prevent chronic symptoms.

What is a gastric ulcer?

A gastric ulcer occurs when the stomach lining is damaged by stomach acid, leading to open sores. It is different from dyspepsia, which refers to the general condition of stomach discomfort, and gastritis, which is the inflammation of the stomach lining that may later develop into an ulcer.

Main causes of gastric ulcers

1. Helicobacter pylori infection

This bacteria is commonly found in the human stomach and is usually harmless. However, in some cases, it can multiply excessively and start damaging the stomach lining, leading to inflammation and eventually ulcers.

2. Use of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Long-term or high-dose use of NSAIDs like aspirin or ibuprofen can irritate and damage the stomach lining, increasing the risk of ulcers.

Risky behaviors that can inflame the stomach

Although not direct causes, the following behaviors can aggravate the stomach and increase risks of gastritis, especially in those with existing stomach problems:

1. Smoking and alcohol consumption

Cigarette smoke and alcohol irritate the stomach lining. Smoking slows the healing of ulcers, while alcohol stimulates excessive acid production.

2. Diet and eating habits

Regularly eating sour or very spicy foods may negatively impact the stomach. Sour foods often have high acidity, which can erode the stomach lining, while spicy foods often contain capsaicin, which is irritating to existing inflammation. Skipping meals can also contribute to stomach irritation due to the unused acid.

3. Stress

Severe stress can affect physical health in many ways, one of which is triggering excess stomach acid production, sometimes resulting in ulcers or acid reflux.

Common symptoms of gastric ulcers

Symptoms vary from person to person, and some may not show signs until the condition worsens. Common symptoms include:

1. Upper abdominal pain

A sharp, burning pain in the upper or central part of the abdomen, often described as a gnawing sensation.

2. General stomach problems

Patients may also experience bloating, constipation, nausea, or vomiting, often after meals.

3. Weight loss

Pain after eating can reduce appetite, leading to unintentional weight loss.

4. Blood in vomit or stool

Severe ulcers can bleed. If blood appears in vomit or stool, it's a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

Diagnosing gastric ulcers

Self-diagnosis can be difficult since symptoms resemble other conditions like acid reflux or general gastritis. Doctors usually ask about NSAID use, and conduct testing for H. pylori. The most accurate method is an endoscopy, where a camera is used to inspect the stomach lining directly.

Treating gastric ulcers

Most ulcers heal on their own, but treatment and behavior modification help speed up recovery:

1. Antibiotics

If caused by H. pylori, doctors prescribe antibiotics such as amoxicillin, or clarithromycin to eliminate the bacteria.

2. Acid-reducing medications

These help relieve pain and prevent further damage. Options include Antacids to neutralize acid or long-lasting medication such as Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) to block acid production and H2 blockers to reduce acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach lining

3. Lifestyle changes

Avoiding irritating foods, alcohol, and smoking supports healing and reduces pain.

Final Thoughts

Gastric ulcers are treatable with proper care. Recognizing the warning signs early and adjusting daily habits can help reduce the risk of ulcers and their complications. If you suspect a gastric ulcer, consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.