Paracetamol Basics

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is perhaps the world's most commonly used over-the-counter medicine. We almost always use it to treat mild to moderate fever and pain, two of the most common everyday illnesses. While generally safe, there are considerations to keep in mind.

How Paracetamol Works

Paracetamol is commonly believed to work by blocking nerve signals that transmit pain and signals that raise body temperatures, though pharmacists are still unsure on how exactly it works. It takes up to an hour to work.

Paracetamol Uses

1. Relieve aches and pain

   Paracetamol is known to be effective for common aches and pain:

   • Headache
   • Migraine
   • Muscle ache
   • Period pain
   • Toothache
   • etc.
2. Treat sickness
   • Common cold and flu symptoms
   • Fever
3. Alternative to NSAIDs

   Paracetamol has less known side effects compared to NSAIDs such as aspirin or ibuprofen, which are irritating on the stomach and pose cardiovascular risks. However, note that NSAIDs are generally more effective in treating inflammatory pain than paracetamol.

Before Using Paracetamol

If you any of have the following conditions, consult a doctor before taking paracetamol for extended periods:

• Liver or kidney problems
• Frequent alcohol consumption
• Underweight (<50 kg)
• Taking medicine to treat epilepsy, tuberculosis, or taking warfarin

You can take paracetamol when pregnant or breastfeeding.

Taking Paracetamol Safely

1. Take as prescribed

   Paracetamol is known to cause liver damage on excessive or prolonged doses. The typical recommended doses are:

   • Adults: 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours for 500mg tablets, and no more than 4000mg (8 tablets) total in the span of 24 hours.
   • Children: Children under 16 should take paracetamol depending on their weight and age, or as suggested by a doctor.

   It is not advised to take paracetamol along with other drugs that also contain it (some cough medicines).

2. Potential side effects

   While paracetamol doesn't have specified side effects, it is still possible to experience nausea, vomiting, or headaches in rare cases.

3. Visit a doctor

   Remember, paracetamol is not a cure-all. Visit a doctor if your symptoms don't get better after a couple of days, as the medicine usually works by suppressing the sensations causing discomfort rather than treating the underlying causes.